tests, collected many years earlier, relate to exceptional longevity. Exceptional here means living to at least 100. They compared people who reached 100 with peers who did not. The participants all had their blood tests taken when they were about the same age. This is essential, since comparing a 70-year-old with a 90-year-old can confuse any signal. The study included standard markers of metabolism, kidney and liver function, iron status, and a measure tied to inflammation. The design used a long follow-up period, which would help to strengthen the conclusions. Participants were tracked for as long as 35 years after the first blood draw, using Swedish registers that record disease, deaths, and residence.
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The authors put it plainly in their abstract: “Participants were followed in Swedish register data for up to 35 years.” We will return to the exact markers next, and then to the outcomes. For
